Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal crop developed from crosses between wheat and rye. It has gained importance due to its adaptability to marginal environments, high nutritional value, and multipurpose use as both food and feed. In Ethiopia, triticale is a relatively recent introduction; however, its productivity is often limited by inappropriate agronomic practices, particularly the use of non-optimal seed rates. Seed rate plays a vital role in determining plant population, competition for nutrients, and overall grain yield. Too low a seed rate results in sparse stands and low yield per unit area, while excessively high seed rates cause severe competition and reduce yield performance. Hence, identifying the optimum seed rate is necessary for maximizing yield. The present study was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture research field during the 2020 off-season under irrigation to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on grain yield of triticale variety Logawshibo. Four seed rates (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on grain yield were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean separation was carried out by LSD at 5% significance. Results showed that seed rate significantly influenced yield. The highest grain yield (39.67 q ha-1) was obtained at 150 kg ha-1, while the lowest (22.67 q ha-1) was recorded at 100 kg ha-1. Increasing the rate beyond 150 kg ha-1 reduced yield due to excessive competition for growth resources. Therefore, a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 is recommended as the optimum density for triticale production in Hawassa and similar agro-ecologies.
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Triticale (Logawshibo Variaty), Grain Yield, Crop Density Management
1. Introduction
Triticale, botanically known as Triticosecale wittmack belongs to the family poaceae and tribe hordeae. It is relatively a new cereal crop which is a product of crosses between wheat and rye. It is the man-made cereal crop. The first commercial triticale varieties were released in the late 1960s in Hungary
[13]
Varghese, G., Saari, E. E., & Abdalla, O. S. (1986). Two decades of triticale breeding and research at CIMMYT. Proceedings of the International Triticale Symposium, Sydney, 2-8 Feb 1986.
[13]
. Triticale has comparatively larger kernel size, higher content of lysin (18% of N) and protein (14.7%) than wheat, maize, millet and sorghum
[5]
Khan, A., & Rashid, J. (1987). Nutritional quality and technological value of triticale. ASEAN Food Journal, 3(1).
[5]
. Almost 3 million ha of triticale are grown today in the world
[2]
FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT: FAO Statistical Database, Agriculture. Available at:
. Currently, triticale is cultivated on about 3 million hectares worldwide, particularly in Germany, Poland, France, China, and several African countries including Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania
[2]
FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT: FAO Statistical Database, Agriculture. Available at:
Piltz, J. W., & Rodham, C. A. (2022). Effect of sowing rate and maturity on the yield and nutritive value of triticale-field pea forage crops. Sustainability, 14(6), 3637.
[2, 8]
. Present information available at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) shows that since the mid-1970s more than 200 cultivars have been released in more than 30 countries
[2]
FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT: FAO Statistical Database, Agriculture. Available at:
. The development of Plump-seeded triticale types from CIMMYT greatly advanced the potential for triticale in human food and animal feed. Triticale can certainly play a significant role in alleviating poverty for many needy families in some developing countries. The particular interest on triticale is its good performance in stress environments.
The major triticale producers are Germany, Poland, France, and China; and in Africa, the climatic conditions of the countries Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Ethiopia and Algeria are suited for triticale production
[2]
FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT: FAO Statistical Database, Agriculture. Available at:
Triticale can be used for human food as injera, pasta, bread, tella. In southern Gondar the bread and injera of triticale have been well accepted by farmers
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]
. In Ethiopia triticale is a recent introduction. It can be cultivated in a wide range of agro- ecologies from sea level to over 3000 m.a.s.l. Drought, frost and acid tolerance and better growth under degraded soils are primary advantages of triticale to produce better yield than other cereal crops
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]
.
So far about 8 varieties are introduced from CIMMYT Mexico and cultivated in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, about 8 varieties… new variety ‘Kombolcha’ was recently released with high yield potential
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[11]
Tadesse, T., et al. (2024). Registration of a new triticale variety ‘Kombolcha’ with stable yield performance in Ethiopia. East African Journal of Sciences, 18(1), 77-85.
[7, 11]
. The cultural practices (land preparation, seed and fertilizer rate, depth of planting and weed control) used for wheat production is also applied for triticale production in Ethiopia
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]
.
Seed rate is a critical agronomic factor optimum density improves yield stability in cereals including triticale
[6]
Kir, H., Yilar, M., & Yavuz, T. (2023). Comparison of alternative sowing methods in Hungarian vetch and triticale cultivation in terms of yield and weed biomass. Gesunde Pflanzen, 75, 253-260.
[9]
Roux, A., et al. (2002). Crop management and density effects on cereal productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(8): 5394-5399.
[12]
Tokatlidis, I., Chauhan, Y., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Crop response to density: Optimization of resource use to promote sustainability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 969332.
[6, 9, 12]
. Seeding rate has significant effect on growth and yield performance of crops, because of competition of plants for resources of light, moisture and nutrients. Plans in less plant population per unit area may produce high tillers or branches per plant and high plant yield but not high yield per unit area. However, high plant population density due to higher seeding rate exposes plants for severe completion of resources and results in low dry matter production, yield and yield components.
Triticale is an aphiploid hybrid derived from the cross between durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.). In 1875, Wilson reported to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Scotland, the first hybrid between wheat and rye. That and subsequent hybrids were highly sterile and did not produce any grain. It was Rimpau who reported the first fertile triticale in 1891
[13]
Varghese, G., Saari, E. E., & Abdalla, O. S. (1986). Two decades of triticale breeding and research at CIMMYT. Proceedings of the International Triticale Symposium, Sydney, 2-8 Feb 1986.
[13]
. However, it was only in 1968 that the first commercial cultivars were released. They were quite tall, lodged badly, many were in fact infertile and with shriveled seeds which contributed to poor yields. These traits discouraged rapid expansion of this new crop. It was only during the last 15 - 20 years that some of its undesirable traits were addressed and triticale could be successfully cultivated as a cash crop
[9]
Roux, A., et al. (2002). Crop management and density effects on cereal productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(8): 5394-5399.
[9]
. Like wheat, triticale can be classified as spring, winter or facultative in growth habit and are adapted to a wide diversity of environments and soil types. With a well-developed root system, triticale can tolerate both drought and waterlogged conditions better than wheat. Some triticale genotypes significantly out yielded wheat (grain and fodder), especially when planted on marginal soils and stressed environments. The high level of disease, aluminum and shattering resistance further added to the profitability of growing triticale
[9]
Roux, A., et al. (2002). Crop management and density effects on cereal productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(8): 5394-5399.
[9]
.
Triticale is cultivated in the world for their grain yield for human food and feed for pigs and livestock and as energy crop for bio-fuel production. The use of excess seeding rate leads to severe competition among plants for nutrients, water, sunlight and other growth factors; and less seeding rate results in low plant density. Both excesses and less seeding rate result in lower grain yield. Therefore optimum seeding rate is required to produce high yield. This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of different seed rate of triticale on grain yield (logawshibo variety).
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Study Area
The experiment was conducted at Hawassa University, College of Agriculture research field in 2020 during off season under irrigation. Hawassa College of Agriculture is found at Hawassa city located south of 273 km away from Addis Ababa with 7° 4′ N latitude and 38° 31′ E longitude and its altitude is 1670m above sea level. The amount of rain fall the area receives ranges from 900-1100mm annually, whereas the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures are 12°C, 20°C and 27°C, respectively. The soil has sandy loam texture with the pH of 7.9
[10]
Sheleme, B. (1994). Evaluation of the nutrient status of soils at selected sites in middle and southern Ethiopia. Annual Report, Hawassa College of Agriculture.
[10]
.
2.2. Treatments, Experimental Design and Field Management
The seed rates (treatments) of triticale variety logawshibo to be used for this study were 100, 125, 150 and 175 kg per ha. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and Plot size for each entry is 1.5m2 (1.5m x 1m) planted with 20 cm spacing between rows. The pathways between blocks and plots were 1m and 0.5 m respectively. Therefore the required experimental area was 35.75m2 (6.5m x 5.5m). Urea and DAP Fertilizers at the rate of 100kg/ha each was applied in rows just before planting. The seeds of each rate were drilled in rows at 5 cm depth. Watering, weeding and other field managements were carried out as required.
2.3. Data Collection
Data on grain yield was collected on the middle rows of each plot. Grain yield was collected from five plants and measured by sensitive balance. Yield per plot was determined by weighing sun dried grain harvested from the central rows of each plot and converted to ton per hectare.
2.4. Data Analysis
Data was subjected to analysis of a variance (ANOVA) using scientific calculator and mean comparison among treatments was done by using least significance test (LSD) at 5% probability level
[4]
Gomez, A. A., & Gomez, K. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd ed.). Wiley.
[4]
.
3. Results and Discussions
The grain yield of triticale was influenced by many factors interacting together, among the major one was the independent among the factor in shortage of water, water logging, soil nutrient and plant density. The data was analyzed that different rates of seed was significant effect on grain yield parameters.
Table 1. Summarized Data of Different Parameters of Mean Variants.
No
Treatments kg/ha
Grain yield q/ha
1
100
22.667d
2
125
30.000c
3
150
39.667a
4
175
34.333b
LSD 5%
3.1939
CV %
5.048
Note: Means within the same column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at the p < 0.05 level according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.
Grain Yield
From the above table 1 the results showed highest yield was recorded from T3 that received 150kg/ha was (39.667q/ha) the highest yield (39.67 q/ha) was obtained at 150 kg/ha Increasing seed rate from 100 to 150 kg/ha enhanced yield, but further increase reduced yield, likely due to excessive competition for nutrients
[1]
Anbes, T., & Asredie, S. (2025). Effects of lower seed rate and seed classes on seed quality yield and seed multiplication factors of bread wheat under irrigation in Northwest Amhara Region. Discover Agriculture, 3, 30.
[3]
Garuti, M., Soldano, M., et al. (2022). Evaluation of triticale anaerobic digestion in a double cropping system: Relation between biomass yield, chemical composition, and biomethane production. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 16(6), 1599-1612.
[11]
Tadesse, T., et al. (2024). Registration of a new triticale variety ‘Kombolcha’ with stable yield performance in Ethiopia. East African Journal of Sciences, 18(1), 77-85.
[12]
Tokatlidis, I., Chauhan, Y., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Crop response to density: Optimization of resource use to promote sustainability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 969332.
[1, 3, 11, 12]
and the lowest means of grain yield was recorded from T1 that received 100kg/ha was (22.667q/ha). Grain yield influenced by different rates of seed, when different rates of seed increase; the grain yield weight was different. This result agrees with findings in triticale-pea mixtures where intermediate sowing rates produced the best performance
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[9]
Roux, A., et al. (2002). Crop management and density effects on cereal productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(8): 5394-5399.
[7, 9]
. Similar reports were given for wheat under irrigated conditions in Ethiopia [11, 12] When compared mean difference between treatments T2 with T3 mean difference was (9.667q/ha), T2 with T4 mean difference was (4.333q/ha), T2 with T1 mean difference (7.333q/ha) and T1 with T4 mean difference was (11.666q/ha) due to that mean difference between all treatments were more than LSD 5% (3.1939) at p<0.05. The analysis of variance showed that all the treatments of grain yield were significantly different from each other. Our findings confirm that optimizing crop density improves resource use efficiency and sustainability
[13]
Varghese, G., Saari, E. E., & Abdalla, O. S. (1986). Two decades of triticale breeding and research at CIMMYT. Proceedings of the International Triticale Symposium, Sydney, 2-8 Feb 1986.
[13]
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Application of the correct level of seed rate is necessary to achieve maximum yield of triticale crop. As a result the level with optimum seed rate showed good performance for most of the attributes. Based on the result obtained, it was possible to conclude that seed rate with 150kg/ha was promising to enhance yield of triticale.
5. Recommendation
According to statistical analysis of variance, treatment three that received (150kg/ha) seed rate which gave the high grain yield is recommended for the end users.
In general it recommended that investigating the same study in different localities to have a real recommendation for the optimum seed rate to produce triticale.
In addition, it is important to know the optimum seed rate that gives the high production of triticale crops.
Abbreviations
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance
CSA
Central Statistical Agency
EPPA
Ethiopia Pulses Profile Agency
Ho
Null Hypothesis
HI
Alternative Hypothesis
R
Replication
RCBD
Randomized Complete Block Design
T
Treatment
q/ha
Quintal per Hectare
Acknowledgments
Above all I would like to thank my God for the presence with me all ups and downs. Next I would like to thank Hawassa University College of agriculture for providing the resource for this study. Then I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation and thanks to my advisor Dr. Berhanu Abate for his valuable support in advising me during conducting my senior research project and directs me how to through the work smoothly.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
[1]
Anbes, T., & Asredie, S. (2025). Effects of lower seed rate and seed classes on seed quality yield and seed multiplication factors of bread wheat under irrigation in Northwest Amhara Region. Discover Agriculture, 3, 30.
[2]
FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT: FAO Statistical Database, Agriculture. Available at:
Garuti, M., Soldano, M., et al. (2022). Evaluation of triticale anaerobic digestion in a double cropping system: Relation between biomass yield, chemical composition, and biomethane production. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 16(6), 1599-1612.
[4]
Gomez, A. A., & Gomez, K. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd ed.). Wiley.
[5]
Khan, A., & Rashid, J. (1987). Nutritional quality and technological value of triticale. ASEAN Food Journal, 3(1).
[6]
Kir, H., Yilar, M., & Yavuz, T. (2023). Comparison of alternative sowing methods in Hungarian vetch and triticale cultivation in terms of yield and weed biomass. Gesunde Pflanzen, 75, 253-260.
[7]
MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). (2016). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate. Issue No. 19. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[8]
Piltz, J. W., & Rodham, C. A. (2022). Effect of sowing rate and maturity on the yield and nutritive value of triticale-field pea forage crops. Sustainability, 14(6), 3637.
[9]
Roux, A., et al. (2002). Crop management and density effects on cereal productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(8): 5394-5399.
[10]
Sheleme, B. (1994). Evaluation of the nutrient status of soils at selected sites in middle and southern Ethiopia. Annual Report, Hawassa College of Agriculture.
[11]
Tadesse, T., et al. (2024). Registration of a new triticale variety ‘Kombolcha’ with stable yield performance in Ethiopia. East African Journal of Sciences, 18(1), 77-85.
[12]
Tokatlidis, I., Chauhan, Y., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Crop response to density: Optimization of resource use to promote sustainability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 969332.
[13]
Varghese, G., Saari, E. E., & Abdalla, O. S. (1986). Two decades of triticale breeding and research at CIMMYT. Proceedings of the International Triticale Symposium, Sydney, 2-8 Feb 1986.
Regasa, A., Feyissa, S., Tarrefaa, M. (2025). Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 13(4), 86-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
Regasa, A.; Feyissa, S.; Tarrefaa, M. Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci.2025, 13(4), 86-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
Regasa A, Feyissa S, Tarrefaa M. Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2025;13(4):86-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12,
author = {Adisu Regasa and Shelama Feyissa and Magersa Tarrefaa},
title = {Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia
},
journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {86-89},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20251304.12},
abstract = {Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal crop developed from crosses between wheat and rye. It has gained importance due to its adaptability to marginal environments, high nutritional value, and multipurpose use as both food and feed. In Ethiopia, triticale is a relatively recent introduction; however, its productivity is often limited by inappropriate agronomic practices, particularly the use of non-optimal seed rates. Seed rate plays a vital role in determining plant population, competition for nutrients, and overall grain yield. Too low a seed rate results in sparse stands and low yield per unit area, while excessively high seed rates cause severe competition and reduce yield performance. Hence, identifying the optimum seed rate is necessary for maximizing yield. The present study was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture research field during the 2020 off-season under irrigation to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on grain yield of triticale variety Logawshibo. Four seed rates (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on grain yield were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean separation was carried out by LSD at 5% significance. Results showed that seed rate significantly influenced yield. The highest grain yield (39.67 q ha-1) was obtained at 150 kg ha-1, while the lowest (22.67 q ha-1) was recorded at 100 kg ha-1. Increasing the rate beyond 150 kg ha-1 reduced yield due to excessive competition for growth resources. Therefore, a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 is recommended as the optimum density for triticale production in Hawassa and similar agro-ecologies.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia
AU - Adisu Regasa
AU - Shelama Feyissa
AU - Magersa Tarrefaa
Y1 - 2025/10/10
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 86
EP - 89
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
AB - Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal crop developed from crosses between wheat and rye. It has gained importance due to its adaptability to marginal environments, high nutritional value, and multipurpose use as both food and feed. In Ethiopia, triticale is a relatively recent introduction; however, its productivity is often limited by inappropriate agronomic practices, particularly the use of non-optimal seed rates. Seed rate plays a vital role in determining plant population, competition for nutrients, and overall grain yield. Too low a seed rate results in sparse stands and low yield per unit area, while excessively high seed rates cause severe competition and reduce yield performance. Hence, identifying the optimum seed rate is necessary for maximizing yield. The present study was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture research field during the 2020 off-season under irrigation to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on grain yield of triticale variety Logawshibo. Four seed rates (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on grain yield were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean separation was carried out by LSD at 5% significance. Results showed that seed rate significantly influenced yield. The highest grain yield (39.67 q ha-1) was obtained at 150 kg ha-1, while the lowest (22.67 q ha-1) was recorded at 100 kg ha-1. Increasing the rate beyond 150 kg ha-1 reduced yield due to excessive competition for growth resources. Therefore, a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 is recommended as the optimum density for triticale production in Hawassa and similar agro-ecologies.
VL - 13
IS - 4
ER -
Regasa, A., Feyissa, S., Tarrefaa, M. (2025). Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 13(4), 86-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
Regasa, A.; Feyissa, S.; Tarrefaa, M. Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci.2025, 13(4), 86-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
Regasa A, Feyissa S, Tarrefaa M. Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2025;13(4):86-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12,
author = {Adisu Regasa and Shelama Feyissa and Magersa Tarrefaa},
title = {Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia
},
journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {86-89},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20251304.12},
abstract = {Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal crop developed from crosses between wheat and rye. It has gained importance due to its adaptability to marginal environments, high nutritional value, and multipurpose use as both food and feed. In Ethiopia, triticale is a relatively recent introduction; however, its productivity is often limited by inappropriate agronomic practices, particularly the use of non-optimal seed rates. Seed rate plays a vital role in determining plant population, competition for nutrients, and overall grain yield. Too low a seed rate results in sparse stands and low yield per unit area, while excessively high seed rates cause severe competition and reduce yield performance. Hence, identifying the optimum seed rate is necessary for maximizing yield. The present study was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture research field during the 2020 off-season under irrigation to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on grain yield of triticale variety Logawshibo. Four seed rates (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on grain yield were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean separation was carried out by LSD at 5% significance. Results showed that seed rate significantly influenced yield. The highest grain yield (39.67 q ha-1) was obtained at 150 kg ha-1, while the lowest (22.67 q ha-1) was recorded at 100 kg ha-1. Increasing the rate beyond 150 kg ha-1 reduced yield due to excessive competition for growth resources. Therefore, a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 is recommended as the optimum density for triticale production in Hawassa and similar agro-ecologies.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Plant Density on Grain Yield of Triticale (Variety Logawshibo) at Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia
AU - Adisu Regasa
AU - Shelama Feyissa
AU - Magersa Tarrefaa
Y1 - 2025/10/10
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 86
EP - 89
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20251304.12
AB - Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal crop developed from crosses between wheat and rye. It has gained importance due to its adaptability to marginal environments, high nutritional value, and multipurpose use as both food and feed. In Ethiopia, triticale is a relatively recent introduction; however, its productivity is often limited by inappropriate agronomic practices, particularly the use of non-optimal seed rates. Seed rate plays a vital role in determining plant population, competition for nutrients, and overall grain yield. Too low a seed rate results in sparse stands and low yield per unit area, while excessively high seed rates cause severe competition and reduce yield performance. Hence, identifying the optimum seed rate is necessary for maximizing yield. The present study was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture research field during the 2020 off-season under irrigation to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on grain yield of triticale variety Logawshibo. Four seed rates (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on grain yield were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean separation was carried out by LSD at 5% significance. Results showed that seed rate significantly influenced yield. The highest grain yield (39.67 q ha-1) was obtained at 150 kg ha-1, while the lowest (22.67 q ha-1) was recorded at 100 kg ha-1. Increasing the rate beyond 150 kg ha-1 reduced yield due to excessive competition for growth resources. Therefore, a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 is recommended as the optimum density for triticale production in Hawassa and similar agro-ecologies.
VL - 13
IS - 4
ER -
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