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Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19
Faida Losa,
Timothy Mavanga Mabaya,
Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba,
Michael Tambwe Ngoyi,
Floribert Balazirhe,
Margaret Borive,
Didi Mana Kialengila,
Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
126-130
Received:
9 July 2020
Accepted:
11 August 2020
Published:
31 August 2020
Abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.
Abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Co...
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Investigation of Mechanism Activity of Antitumor and Radiosensitizing Activity of Preparations К-26 and K-26w
Adil Ahmedovich Ibragimov,
Zulfiya Mahmudovna Enikeeva,
Nigora Alimuhamedovna Agzamova,
Faizullo Saifyllaevich Salihov,
Okiljon Abduhalilovich Rahimov,
Mavluda Turapovna Askarova
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
131-136
Received:
11 July 2020
Accepted:
28 July 2020
Published:
7 September 2020
Abstract: Introduction. Tropolone alkaloid – colchicine, there is very interesting object for synthesis of its derivatives, with such properties as, alkylation, a low toxicity, high antineoplastic activity and especially overcoming of multidrug resistance (MDR). We had been developed the antineoplastic preparation К-26 derivative of colchicine. К-26 has shown high cytotoxic activity on 60 lines of tumoral cells of the human in vitro, at National Institute of the Cancer of the USA (NCI). Further on the basis of К-26 its water-soluble form named term К-26w has been received. The work purpose. Studying of the mechanism of action of preparations К-26 and К-26w on: alkylating ability, mitotic activity, topoisomerase II, MDR2, р53 and colony-forming cells spleen (CFCs). Materials and methods. All researches have been carrying out by a standard technique. Studying mitotic activity of preparations was carrying out on duodenum and tumor СаРа after preparation influence. On models of a tumor of the Sarcoma 180 action of preparations has been investigated: the alkylating - on synthesis DNA/RNA, nucleosoma DNA degradation, activity topoisomerase II; on an expression MDR2 and р53 genes. Studying CFCs carry out by a standard technique on outbred mice. Results. К-26, К-26w and etoposide inhibited in cells of the Sarcoma 180: synthesis DNA/RNA on 84/65%, 95/85% and 55/35%, accordingly, in relation to the control; activity topoisomerase II on 80%, 90% and 60% accordingly. By method RT-PCR it is shown, К-26, К-26w and etoposide: inhibited an expression of MDR2 gene on 83%, 91% and 62%; increase expression р53 gene to 74%, 88% and 55%, accordingly, under the relation of the control of referential gene GARDH (100%). High ability К-26 and К-26w in an induction apoptosis tumoral cells and CFCs to 12 units is shown. Conclusion. Revealed ability К-26 and К-26w to suppress synthesis DNA/RNA activity topoisomerases, to stimulate р53, and also to suppress an expression of a multidrug resistance MDR2 gene, it explains their high antineoplastic activity which is connected with mitotic activity leading to cell fission synchronization, and radiosensitization activity. Special interest represents found at К-26w and К-26 suppression MDR2 as they are aimed for treatment of such resistant tumor as a kidney cancer. Stimulation CFCs which provides formation of haemopoetic and immune cells can protect an organism from their intensive cytotoxic action.
Abstract: Introduction. Tropolone alkaloid – colchicine, there is very interesting object for synthesis of its derivatives, with such properties as, alkylation, a low toxicity, high antineoplastic activity and especially overcoming of multidrug resistance (MDR). We had been developed the antineoplastic preparation К-26 derivative of colchicine. К-26 has show...
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Present Scenarios of Otomycosis in Rajshahi City of Bangladesh
Karishma Kabir Nipa,
AHM Mostafa Kamal,
Muhammad Jakir Hossain,
Ahmed Imtiaj
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
137-142
Received:
23 July 2020
Accepted:
18 August 2020
Published:
10 September 2020
Abstract: In current study, an attempt was taken to investigate into the scenarios of otomycosis disease in Rajshahi metropolitan city of Bangladesh. There were 237 otomycosis patients found among 3875 ear patients during the studied period. Habit, habitat, life style, personal hygiene and food or nutritional status were found to be crucial factors which were largely responsible for the onset of otomycosis. Among 237 otomycosis patients, 125 and 112 sufferers were from rural and urban regions, respectively. In rural, male was more sufferer than female whereas, in urban, result was opposite to rural. Among 3 consecutive seasonal periods, the incidence of otomycosis patients was the highest in humid/rainy season (50.6%), intermediate level in winter season (35.4%) and the lowest level in dry seasons (14.0%). No significant variation was found between male (50.2%) and female (49.8%) patients for the onset of otomycosis. Age group was also potential for the onset of studied disease. The occurrences of over age (61 to above), baby (up to 10) and juvenile (11 to 20) group were 30.4%, 27.8% and 27.4%, respectively which were high. Whereas, the incidence was found to be low in early youth (5.1%) and late youth (9.3%) groups.
Abstract: In current study, an attempt was taken to investigate into the scenarios of otomycosis disease in Rajshahi metropolitan city of Bangladesh. There were 237 otomycosis patients found among 3875 ear patients during the studied period. Habit, habitat, life style, personal hygiene and food or nutritional status were found to be crucial factors which wer...
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Physical Exercise Activity, Cognitive Functions and Its Relationship to Quality of Life in the Senior Citizens of Lahore
Hamid Mahmood,
Ammara Waqar,
Saleem Rana,
Muhammad Yaqoob,
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi,
Syed Amir Gillani,
Asif Hanif,
Awais Gohar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
143-155
Received:
15 August 2020
Accepted:
26 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: There is long debate on the proper functioning of senior citizens with relation to different factors which affect the physical exercise activity and cognitive functions in the senior citizens to perform their activities in daily life. Research had been carried out on relationship of physical exercise activity (recent and long term) to perform ADL and IADL. The objectives of the study are: To find out the composite score (z-scores) to check the executive functions of ADL and IADL. To find out the impact of recent and long term physical exercise activities and cognitive executive functions by using z-scores to measure the quality of life in male and female senior citizens. The results of our study show that the recent physical exercise activity does not improve the cognitive functions in the senior citizens through perform ADL and IADL. However long term physical exercise activity improve the cognitive functions in the senior citizens. the females who were having better physical exercise activity have better cognitive functions as compare to male with the same physical exercise activity. It has been found out that the physical exercise activities are important to be performed by the senior citizens to keep their cognitive executive functions intact. The senior citizens who are engaged in the physical exercise activities are less likely develop cognitive development in the old age. Physical exercise activities in the long term have great impact in maintaining the cognitive function in the senior citizens to perform ADL and IADL.
Abstract: There is long debate on the proper functioning of senior citizens with relation to different factors which affect the physical exercise activity and cognitive functions in the senior citizens to perform their activities in daily life. Research had been carried out on relationship of physical exercise activity (recent and long term) to perform ADL a...
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Development, Testing of Construct Validity and Reliability of Pakistan Senior Citizens Quality of Life- Measurement Tool (PSCQL-MT)
Hamid Mahmood,
Ammara Waqar,
Syed Amir Gilani,
Muhammad Yaqoob,
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi,
Saleem Rana,
Asif Hanif,
Awais Gohar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
156-172
Received:
15 August 2020
Accepted:
26 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: This study has been dedicated to design, create and validate of quality of life (QoL) questionnaire called as (PSCQL-MT). This tool has been developed to measure physical activities, social relationship, cognitive aging, leisure activities and health behaviours. The objective of the study is to Develop, Test of Construct validity and reliability of (PSCQL-MT) to measure Quality of Life (QoL) in Senior Citizens of Lahore, Pakistan. Temporal stability was measured using the test-retest method. The overall questionnaire score shows an ICC of.86 (p <.001) with a 95% confidence interval (CI)=[.83-.89]. Analyses by dimensions range from a CCI of.72 (p <.001) with a 95% CI=[.66-.76] for the "other leisure activities" dimension to a CCI of.87 (p <.001) with a 95% CI=[.84-.89] for the "social activities" dimension. There was no specific valid questionnaire available in Pakistan to evaluate the individual and overall QoL in Pakistan. For this purpose, a reliable and valid construct questionnaire needs to be developed. This study has developed a tool that can measure 5 major variables which determine the QoL It has been concluded from the study that the development of PSCQL-MT questionnaire and valid tool is a great achievement to carry out research on the QoL in the study population.
Abstract: This study has been dedicated to design, create and validate of quality of life (QoL) questionnaire called as (PSCQL-MT). This tool has been developed to measure physical activities, social relationship, cognitive aging, leisure activities and health behaviours. The objective of the study is to Develop, Test of Construct validity and reliability of...
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Age Related Cognitive Impairment and Physical Disability to Measure Quality of Life (QoL) Using PSCQL-MT Tool in the Senior Citizens of Lahore, Pakistan
Hamid Mahmood,
Ammara Waqar,
Muhammad Yaqoob,
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi,
Saleem Rana,
Syed Amir Gilani,
Asif Hanif,
Awais Gohar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
173-184
Received:
15 August 2020
Accepted:
26 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: The impact of physical exercise activity and cognitive executive functions and their impact on the QoL is of great importance in performing ADL and IADL in the senior citizens. This study will provide an inside into multidimensional factors which can impact the cognitive and physical mobility of the persons in the old age. Moreover, it is also desirable to measure the QoL on the basis of PSCQL-MT on a larger scale for longer duration of time. The role of gender on the QoL using different variables needs to be further evaluated. The objectives of the study are: To find out the relationship between the cognitive improvement due to physical exercise activities in the elderly persons. To find out the effect of different variables on QoL in male and female. The following hypothesis will be tested based on PSCQL-MT questionnaire. H1: Physical exercise activities play an important role in stabilizing or improving the cognitive functions on the basis of gender in the study population. H2: Physical exercise activities do not play an important role in stabilizing or improving the cognitive functions on the basis of gender in the study population. The result of the study showed that recent physical exercise activity does not play any significant role in improving the QoL. The cognitive functions in the senior citizens who perform ADL and IADL depend upon the physical mobility and mental ability for the persons. The long term physical exercise activity, socio-cultural level, lifestyle, leisure activities and health behavior play a significant in maintaining the cognitive functions and physical health in the senior citizens. The scope of this study was to find out the moderating factors which can preserve cognitive executive functions in the senior citizens. Our study is more related on the concept of physical exercise activities and its impact on the cognitive executive functions in the elderly. The PSCQL-MT questionnaire contains all the dimensions which are necessary to find out the relationship of physical activities and cognitive functions in terms of ADL and IADL. The PSCQL-MT questionnaire and the modified questionnaires are very closed in terms of their dimensions. We concluded from the study that physical exercise activity in the long term is very important in preserving the cognitive functions in the elderly persons. We also found out that the PSCQL-MT questionnaire is a good addition to conduct research on the different aspects of healthy living in the different population.
Abstract: The impact of physical exercise activity and cognitive executive functions and their impact on the QoL is of great importance in performing ADL and IADL in the senior citizens. This study will provide an inside into multidimensional factors which can impact the cognitive and physical mobility of the persons in the old age. Moreover, it is also desi...
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Assessment of the Adherence of Primaquine for the Control and Elimination of Malaria in Senegal
Kiswendsida Thierry Guiguemde,
Yakou Dieye,
Babacar Faye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
185-188
Received:
18 August 2020
Accepted:
27 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: Primaquine is a drug widely used for Plasmodium vivax malaria treatment. It is known to be active on Plasmodium falciparum mature gametocytes which are responsible for the transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes. In 2018, Senegal initiated the large-scale use of a single low dose of primaquine associated with artemisinin-based combination therapy for malaria elimination. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic adherence of the implementation of primaquine in the Saint-Louis region. To measure therapeutic adherence, questionnaires were developed and made it possible to collect information from treated malaria patients, health workers, the investigating team and health authorities. Out of 1087 malaria patients, 585 received primaquine. Children under the age of 5 could not receive it due to the lack of the pediatric formulation. The involvement of private health facilities has shown its effectiveness in the implementation of the strategy. However, efforts must be made to improve the documentation of cases in the national surveillance system and to acquire logistical means facilitating the supply of the drug in remote locations. The authorities must become more involved in finding a solution for the availability and sufficient supply of primaquine to formulations adapted to the population.
Abstract: Primaquine is a drug widely used for Plasmodium vivax malaria treatment. It is known to be active on Plasmodium falciparum mature gametocytes which are responsible for the transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes. In 2018, Senegal initiated the large-scale use of a single low dose of primaquine associated with artemisinin-based combin...
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Effect of Soliman Auricular Allergy Treatment (SAAT) on IgE-mediated Reactions Due to Exposure to Mammalian Meat Oligosaccharide, Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
189-197
Received:
1 September 2020
Accepted:
17 September 2020
Published:
23 September 2020
Abstract: Allergy to galactose 1,3, α-galactose (alpha gal)—a natural cellular carbohydrate component of non-catarrhine primate mammalian muscle tissue—is a recognized and prevalent disorder. No effective treatment has been established beyond palliative and emergency treatment medications used for food allergies, in general. This tick-triggered illness can affect humans, not only through mammalian meat consumption, but via exposure to numerous food and non-food products containing alpha gal, as well as skin contact and inhalation of airborne particulates. The objective was to document with a statistically powerful cohort, the efficacy of the ear acupuncture procedure, Soliman Auricular Allergy Treatment (SAAT), in support of the neurological theory of allergy. SAAT procedures involved electrical detection of case-specific auricular acupuncture points within the ovoid region designated as Soliman Allergy Zone (SAZ). 3mm-long, semi-permanent, intradermal ear acupuncture needles were inserted as indicated—secured by surgical tape and medical adhesive to enable ongoing stimulation for 3 weeks. Participants removed the acupuncture needles at home. Patients reported diverse histories of typical allergic symptoms, ranging from mild gastrointestinal or pruritic symptoms to severe anaphylactic reactions, as well as atypical symptoms such as joint problems, fatigue, anxiety, and sleep dysfunction. Primary outcome was patients’ written attestation of restored ability to be exposed to alpha gal without allergic incident, or significant reduction. Among the initial 155 patients providing follow up data, 147 patients reported some degree of returned consumption of mammalian meat without allergic incident, or significant reduction in severity or frequency. The paradigm-shifting relevance of this preliminary investigation—successfully treating a globally-relevant and problematic arthropod vector-triggered allergy, cannot be overestimated. No prophylactic or supportive treatment for AGA has been previously reported. The response was of groundbreaking statistical significance; the success rate for this first wave of follow-up responding participants who completed the treatment was 94.8%.
Abstract: Allergy to galactose 1,3, α-galactose (alpha gal)—a natural cellular carbohydrate component of non-catarrhine primate mammalian muscle tissue—is a recognized and prevalent disorder. No effective treatment has been established beyond palliative and emergency treatment medications used for food allergies, in general. This tick-triggered illness can a...
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