Pattern and Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity Among Young Adult Nigerians
Oluwadare Ogunlade,
Muritala Abiola Asafa
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
12-15
Received:
25 February 2015
Accepted:
11 March 2015
Published:
2 April 2015
Abstract: Body mass index (BMI) is an important cardiometabolic parameter. This study determined the mean BMI, pattern and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among young adult Nigerians. It also examined the effect of sex on pattern of distribution of BMI classes. This was cross-sectional study conducted among students of a tertiary institution. Seven hundred and two (702) students (412 males and 290 females) with age range between 18-40years participated in the study. The participants had their weights and heights recorded by standardized techniques and BMI was calculated from the weight and height. BMI was classified according to WHO reference values. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The mean BMI was 21.89±3.07 (kg/m2). Age was positively correlated with BMI(r = 0.298, p <0.001).Significant sex differences in anthropometry were demonstrated in terms of height (t=17.880, p <0.001), weight (t =7.595, p<0.001), BMI (t = -2.483, p =0.013) and BSA (t=12.716, p <0.001). There was a significant sex difference in BMI classes recorded in this study ( χ2= 12.255, p = 0.007).The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the total participants were 14.8% and 1.3% respectively. Among the males, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 9.2%, 11.2% and 1.2% respectively while among the females, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 11.0%, 20.0% and 1.4% respectively. More than a quarter of the apparently healthy young adults had abnormal BMI. The study also showed that abnormal BMI (underweight, overweight and obesity) were more frequent in female than male young adult Nigerians. Health education focusing on weight adjustment measures including exercise and dietary strategies will be beneficial among young adult population.
Abstract: Body mass index (BMI) is an important cardiometabolic parameter. This study determined the mean BMI, pattern and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among young adult Nigerians. It also examined the effect of sex on pattern of distribution of BMI classes. This was cross-sectional study conducted among students of a tertiary institutio...
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Investigation of In-Vivo Neuropharmacological and In-Vitro Thrombolytic Activity & Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Argyria Captiformis Leaves
Saiful Islam,
Naymul Karim,
Imam Hasan,
Md Hossan Sakib,
Md. Harun-Or- Rashid,
Sadequr Rahman,
Masudur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
16-24
Received:
16 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
10 April 2015
Abstract: Objectives: Investigation with the crude ethanolic extract of Argyria captiformis leaves was carried out to evaluate its possible thrombolysis and to analyze in –vivo neuro-pharmacological effects as anxiety is a particular form of behavioral inhibition that occurs in response to novel environment events and also phytochemical screening of plant extract. Method: Ethanolic extract of Argyria captiformis Leaves was assessed for sedative and anxiolytic activity on Swiss albino mice and Thrombolytic activity was assessed with human blood and also phytochemical screening test was done by various chemical reagents. Sedative activity was evaluated by using hole cross, open field, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time and anxiolytic property was evaluated by elevated-plus maze(EPM) tests at 400mg/kg while the peripheral and thrombolytic activity determined by percentage of clot lysis. Result: In anxiolytic study, the extract displayed increased percentage of entry into open arm at the dose of 400mg/kg. The extract produced a significant (P<0.01) increase in sleeping duration and reduction of onset of sleep compared to sodium thiopental at doses (400 mg/kg) .The extract (400 mg/kg) also showed suppression of motor activity and exploratory activity of the mice in both open field and hole cross test. Argyria captiformis alone & Argyria captiformis in combination with Streptokinase demonstrated 38.19±4.76% & 77.45±2.97% clot lysis effect respectively & revealed significant with comparison to both the control agent. The presence of tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and phytosterols was determined. Conclusion: The pharmacological profiles of the present investigation of the ethanol extract of A. captiformis indicate that the extract possess good CNS depressant and exhibited considerable thrombolytic as it significantly reduced locomotion, onset of sleep, increased duration of sleep and also presence of, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids ,tannins and phytosterols.
Abstract: Objectives: Investigation with the crude ethanolic extract of Argyria captiformis leaves was carried out to evaluate its possible thrombolysis and to analyze in –vivo neuro-pharmacological effects as anxiety is a particular form of behavioral inhibition that occurs in response to novel environment events and also phytochemical screening of plant ex...
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Analysis of GNB Species and Pattern of Resistance Responsible for LRTI in Patients with Cancer
Salwa Selim Afifi,
Zeinab Helal Helal,
Safaa Shawky Hassan,
Sally Tohamy Kamal
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
25-32
Received:
26 March 2015
Accepted:
9 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the most lethal infection remains among patients undergoing treatment for cancer. Most of the previous studies with cancer patients have focus on blood stream infections. For that reason the aim of our study was to examine the spectrum and recent trends in antimicrobial resistance of Gram negative bacteria (GNB) recovered from cancer patient having LRTI in Egypt. In addition our objective was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Legionella pneumophila among cancer patients with LRTI. Sputum specimens were collected from 285 cancer patients suspecting of having LRTI. The conventional methods and Microscan Negative Identification panel Type 2 were used for identification of GNB. Susceptibility was assessed for 20 antibiotics in bacterial isolates using agar diffusion method. All the sputum specimens were tested by culture and genus specific PCR for the detection of Legionella pneumophila. A total of 130 GNB were isolated. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common (35.4 %). We isolated and identified a number of less frequent GNB (17%), whereas no Legionella pneumophila was detected. Amikacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial against GNB. We reported very high percentage of multi-drug resistance GNB (96%). This study reported the development of multidrug resistance Gram negative bacilli in Egypt. Continuous updating of data on antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is required to ensure the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against GNB due to continuous development of antimicrobial resistance patterns among these pathogens.
Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the most lethal infection remains among patients undergoing treatment for cancer. Most of the previous studies with cancer patients have focus on blood stream infections. For that reason the aim of our study was to examine the spectrum and recent trends in antimicrobial resistance of Gram negative bacteri...
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