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Effects of Exercise on Fiber Properties in the Denervated Rodent Diaphragm
Hidetaka Imagita,
Susumu Sakata,
Akira Minematsu,
Naohiko Kanemura,
Hideki Moriyama,
Hidenori Takemoto,
Tadayuki Mita
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
141-145
Received:
3 November 2014
Accepted:
18 November 2014
Abstract: In a unilaterally denervated diaphragm, atrophy of fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers, but not of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) or slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers, occurs. The inhibition of atrophy in FOG and SO fibers may be due to the effects of stretch stimuli caused by respiratory contraction of the contralateral diaphragm. We examined the effects of exercise (treadmill running) on the histochemical and biochemical properties of muscle fibers of the costal diaphragm in three groups. Eighteen rats were distributed in (i) a denervation + treadmill running (Dn ex) group, (ii) a denervation (Dn) group, and (iii) a control (Ct) group. After 4 weeks of running, we measured the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and cross-sectional area of the diaphragm muscle. The expression of MHC 1 and MHC 2a increased 4 weeks after denervation. In contrast, the expression of MHC 2d decreased significantly. After 4 weeks of running, the cross-sectional area of FG fibers increased significantly (85.5%; P < 0.05) compared with that in the Dn group. We suggest that exercise enhances the morphological properties and myosin heavy chain isoforms of the denervated diaphragm. This exercise-mediated adaptation may be associated with the improvement of FG fibers in the denervated diaphragm.
Abstract: In a unilaterally denervated diaphragm, atrophy of fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers, but not of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) or slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers, occurs. The inhibition of atrophy in FOG and SO fibers may be due to the effects of stretch stimuli caused by respiratory contraction of the contralateral diaphragm. We examin...
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Wound Healing Potential of Tillandsia recurvata and Guaiacum officinale in Streptozotocin Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Perceval Steven Bahado-Singh,
Cliff Kelvin Riley,
Henry Isaac Lowe,
Charah Tabetha Watson,
Andrew O’Brien Wheatley,
Errol St. Aubyn York Morrison
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
146-149
Received:
5 November 2014
Accepted:
18 November 2014
Published:
21 November 2014
Abstract: One of the major challenges faced by people living with diabetes is the treatment and management of diabetic sores and ulcers. Jamaican Ball Moss (Tillandsia recurvata sp.) and Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale) are indigenous to the West Indian region and have been widely studied and used as ethnomedicinal remedies to treat numerous diseases. The anti-tumor properties of the Ball Moss has been the centre of recent discussions, however, both plants are quite popular among Jamaican folklore medicine as effective anti-inflammatory remedies in the treatment of arthritic and rheumatic conditions. This study evaluated the wound healing potential of Tillandsia recurvata sp. and Guaiacum officinale in an excision wound model of normal and streptozotocin induced type I diabetic rats. Rats were grouped (n=6) with similar weight. Animals were placed into 7 study groups, each with different treatments administered topically. All animals were experimentally wounded on the posterior surface. Normal and diabetic groups were treated with Vaseline (control group), Lignum Vitae and Ball Moss extracts and Neosporin (standard group). Animals treated with Ball Moss showed a reduction by 56 % (normal) and 52 % (diabetic) in wound area while Lignum Vitae resulted in a 47 % (normal rats) and 40.5 % (diabetic rats) reduction. The wound area reduction was significantly higher than that of the control with 32 % and 22 % for normal and diabetic rats respectively. The results obtained indicated that both Ball Moss and Lignum Vitae possess wound healing properties with efficacy similar to that of Neosporin.
Abstract: One of the major challenges faced by people living with diabetes is the treatment and management of diabetic sores and ulcers. Jamaican Ball Moss (Tillandsia recurvata sp.) and Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale) are indigenous to the West Indian region and have been widely studied and used as ethnomedicinal remedies to treat numerous diseases. The ...
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Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria
Abdullahi Abubakar Biu,
Gwana Adamu Mohaammed,
Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla,
Bassey Effiong Edet,
Uvu Usman Sha’aibu,
Aja Makinta,
Abdullahi Mumin Mai,
Modu Gana Umara
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
150-155
Received:
8 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
23 November 2014
Abstract: This research study was conducted to determine the incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection of Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Thirty (30) Horses were selected randomly from Shukari - Maidokiri, Maiduguri. Comparative parasitological diagnostic techniques were applied (both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of direct smears and concentration techniques) and the results obtained revealed mean total infectivity of 20%. The macroscopic examination of the faecal samples revealed mean prevalence of 21%, while the microscopic examination of the faecal samples using 0.85% Normal saline solution direct smear wet preparation technique; protozoan cysts and their vegetative form, helminths ovae and larvae form found are 28%, Lugol’s iodine solution direct smear are 34%, concentration technique by floatation using saturated salt solution of sodium chloride are 35% mean of infectivity. From these 3 techniques were applied; the mean total infectivity of protozoan cysts are 36%, vegetative forms 17%, helminths ova 29%, larvae 17% and adult Parasite found 0%. When multiples diagnostic techniques are been applied, the possibility of missing any Parasite will be exceptional, it will reveals a higher results of positivity if infected. Owners of Horses were urged to take their horses to a Veterinary clinic or hospital nearby for an accurate and appropriate diagnosis, for the wellbeing of their animal routinely.
Abstract: This research study was conducted to determine the incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection of Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Thirty (30) Horses were selected randomly from Shukari - Maidokiri, Maiduguri. Comparative parasitological diagnostic techniques were applied (both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of direct smears and concen...
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Age-Related Changes in Collagen Degeneration of the Rotator Cuff in an Animal Model
Kenji Murata,
Naohiko Kanemura,
Takanori Kokubun,
Tsutomu Fujino,
Junichi Matsumoto,
Kenji Yasui,
Kiyomi Takayanagi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
156-162
Received:
11 December 2014
Accepted:
22 December 2014
Published:
8 January 2015
Abstract: Rotator cuff tears are a common injury in the elderly and often impose limitations on the range of motion and cause pain. The cause of rotator cuff tearing is unknown, and degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon with age is poorly understood.In the present study, we examined collagen degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon in the rat shoulder joint. Using rats of different age (10 weeks: young, 6 months: adult, and 2 years: old), we examined the supraspinatus tendon by immunofluorescence staining (collagen types I and III), assessed the amount of collagen and mRNA expression for collagen type 1A1, 3A1 (COL1A1, COL3A1), matrix metalloproteinase 2,9 (MMP-2, -9).After immunofluorescence staining, the layer structure of tendon to bone attachment was apparent in the young. The amount of collagen decreased in the old group. In addition the mRNA expression of Col1a1 and Col3a1 was significantly reduced in the old group.On the one hand, the old groups showed higher mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 than the young group. The ability to synthesize collagen decreases during aging and the amount of total collagen that is present in the supraspinatus tendon is decreased. These changes may contribute to tearing/breakage of the supraspinatus tendon.
Abstract: Rotator cuff tears are a common injury in the elderly and often impose limitations on the range of motion and cause pain. The cause of rotator cuff tearing is unknown, and degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon with age is poorly understood.In the present study, we examined collagen degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon in the rat shoulder joi...
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Antimicrobial Inhibition on Zoonotic Bacterial Escherichia coli O157: H7 as a Cause of Food Borne Disease
Lucia Winata Muslimin,
Abdul Wahid Jamaluddin,
Ressy Dwiyanti,
Mochammad Hatta
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
163-166
Received:
23 December 2014
Accepted:
31 December 2014
Published:
8 January 2015
Abstract: This study aims to accelerate zoonosis control system, secure food safety and improve the environmental quality. Meat samples, swab and water were acquired from five regions in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The samples were implanted to bacterial growth medium inside the ice-box and carried to the lab to be inoculated with Nutrient Agar, Eosin Methylen Blue Agar Sorbitol Mac Conkey Agar (SMAC). IMVIC test, Biochemical Test and pathogenic test with blood Agar from the suspected Escherichia coli O157H7 result, was followed by PCR test to genetically identify the bacteria. The result was then examined for sensitivity test with antibiotics: Imipenem, Tetracycline, Erytromycin, Levofloxacine, Amoxycilin, Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacine. Among 117 samples. 43 was assumed positive with culture method, 12 was assumed positive with PCR E.coli O157H7.The most sensitive antibiotics, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacine and levofloxacine.
Abstract: This study aims to accelerate zoonosis control system, secure food safety and improve the environmental quality. Meat samples, swab and water were acquired from five regions in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The samples were implanted to bacterial growth medium inside the ice-box and carried to the lab to be inoculated with Nutrient Agar, Eosin Methyle...
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