The Prevalence of Klebsiella Species Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Hamza Sule,
Abdulhadi Sale Kumurya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
11-15
Received:
13 February 2016
Accepted:
23 February 2016
Published:
16 March 2016
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly encountered infections, both in the community and in hospitals. The study investigated the Prevalence of Klebsiella species among patients suspected of UTI in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Two hundred urine specimens of patients comparing of 135(67.5%) outpatients and 65(32.5%) inpatients and classified into 125(62.5%) females and 75(37.5%) males were bacteriologically evaluated. A total of 61(30.5%) yielded significant growth on culture of which 50(25%) were from females and 11(5.5%) from males. The age distribution of the patients with significant bacterial growth showed that patients within the age group of 21-30 years had the highest (UTI) cases of 33(16.5%) but those within the age group of less or equal to 10 years and those within the 51 to 60 years age bracket had 3(1.5%) UTI cases each. Of the uropathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism responsible for UTI with 29((14.5%), followed by Klebsiella species with 16(8.0%). Other organisms isolated were Staphylococcus species 9(4.5%), proteus species 5(2.5%) and Pseudomonas species 2(1.0%) respectively. The speciation of Klebsiella species isolated `showed that 14(7.0%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 2(1.0%) were Klebsiella oxytoca. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for Klebsiella species isolates showed Ofloxacin as the best drug of choice with all the 16 isolates susceptible to Ofloxacin but at the same time all were resistant to ampicillin.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly encountered infections, both in the community and in hospitals. The study investigated the Prevalence of Klebsiella species among patients suspected of UTI in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Two hundred urine specimens of patients comparing of 135(67.5%) outpatients an...
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Gonadal and Epididymal Sperm Reserves of Yankasa Rams Treated with Cypermethrin
Ubah Simon Azubuike,
Ogwu David,
Rekwot Peter Ibrahim,
Rwuaan Joseph Sankey,
Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
16-20
Received:
17 February 2016
Accepted:
24 February 2016
Published:
23 March 2016
Abstract: Cypermethrin 3% (30 gram/liter) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) was used as pour-on. Sixteen healthy Yankasa rams with clinically normal genitalia were used. The animals were divided into groups A and B i.e. experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given Cypermethrin treatment as pour-on fortnightly for a period of twelve weeks. The control group was given distilled water at the same rate (0.1ml/kg) and route of administration for the same length of time. Rams from both the experimental and control groups were sacrificed for estimation of gonadal and epididymal sperm/spermatids reserves at the end of the twelve week studies. Epididymal and gonadal sperm reserves were estimated using a haemocytometer. Results showed that gonadal sperm reserves was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Epididymal sperm reserves showed that there was a significant difference between the cauda epididymis of the experimental and the control rams with the experimental rams showing lower cauda epididymal reserves of 149.75±13.13 x106/g while the control rams had a value of 244.56±17.09 x 106/g (P<0.05), the caput and corpus epididymis were not significantly different. It was concluded that 3% Cypermethrin at the dose rate of 3mg/kg given for a period of twelve weeks affects the epididymal sperm reserves at the cauda segment. It was therefore recommended that the use of Cypermethrin be applied with caution in rams as it may affect the fertility of Yankasa rams negatively.
Abstract: Cypermethrin 3% (30 gram/liter) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) was used as pour-on. Sixteen healthy Yankasa rams with clinically normal genitalia were used. The animals were divided into groups A and B i.e. experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given Cypermethrin treatment as pour-on fortnightly for a period of twelve w...
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Cellulase Enzyme Activity of Bacillus Circulans from Larvae Cossus Cossus in Lignocellulosic Substrat
Maswati Baharuddin,
Ahyar Ahmad,
Nursiah La Nafie,
Firdaus Zenta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
21-25
Received:
19 February 2016
Accepted:
6 March 2016
Published:
28 March 2016
Abstract: Cellulase are the enzymes hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass and are produced by the microorganism that grown over cellulosic matter. Bacterial Cellulases poses more advantage when compared to the cellulases from other sources. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of cellulase production from the bacteria Bacillus Circulans CC2 and CC4 in comparison with isolates hydrolize rice straw. CC2 and CC4 isolated from larvae Cossus cossus. The testing to produce cellulase was done with various pH and temperature. The enzyme activity was tested using DNS Method. The results showed that the isolated CC2 and CC4 have the same optimum temperature of 70C on condition CMC 1%, medium pH 7,0. Crude extract cellulase isolates CC2 work optimally at pH 4 while the isolates CC4 work at pH 7. highest activity in the cellulase enzymes hydrolyze the substrate on cellulose powder with optimum activity at pH 4 CC4 isolates of 2.775 x 10-2 U/ mL, while the enzyme activity CC2 isolates 4.359 x 10-2 U/mL, p this occurs due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates with cellulase enzymes will outline the cellulose into glucose which is a simple form.
Abstract: Cellulase are the enzymes hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass and are produced by the microorganism that grown over cellulosic matter. Bacterial Cellulases poses more advantage when compared to the cellulases from other sources. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of cellulase production from the bacteria Bacillus Circulans CC2 and CC4 i...
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